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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
Mauritania: Economy
</title>
<article><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Mauritania
Economy</hdr><body>
<p>Overview: A majority of the population still depends on agriculture
and livestock for a livelihood, even though most of the nomads and
many subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent
droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Mauritania has extensive deposits
of iron ore, which account for almost 50% of total exports. The
decline in world demand for this ore, however, has led to cutbacks in
production. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing
areas in the world, but overexploitation by foreigners threatens this
key source of revenue. The country's first deepwater port opened near
Nouakchott in 1986. In recent years, the droughts, the endemic
conflict with Senegal, rising energy costs, and economic
mismanagement have resulted in a substantial buildup of foreign debt.
The government has begun the second stage of an economic reform
program in consultation with the World Bank, the IMF, and major donor
countries. But the reform process suffered a major setback following
the Gulf war of early 1991. Because of Mauritania's support of SADDAM
Husayn, bilateral aid from its two top donors, Saudi Arabia and
Kuwait, was suspended, and multilateral aid was reduced.
</p>
<p>National product: GDP - exchange rate conversion - $1.1 billion
(1991 est.)
</p>
<p>National product real growth rate: 3% (1991 est.)
</p>
<p>National product per capita: $555 (1991 est.)
</p>
<p>Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.2% (1991 est.)
</p>
<p>Unemployment rate: 20% (1991 est.)
</p>
<p>Budget: revenues $280 million; expenditures $346 million, including
capital expenditures of $61 million (1989 est.)
</p>
<list>
<l>Exports: $447 million (f.o.b., 1990)</l>
<l> commodities: iron ore, processed fish, small amounts of gum
arabic and gypsum; unrecorded but numerically significant cattle
exports to Senegal</l>
<l> partners: EC 43%, Japan 27%, USSR 11%, Cote d'Ivoire 3%</l>
<l>Imports: $385 million (c.i.f., 1990)</l>
<l> commodities: foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products,
capital goods</l>
<l> partners: EC 60%, Algeria 15%, China 6%, US 3%</l>
</list>
<p>External debt: $1.9 billion (1990)
</p>
<p>Industrial production: growth rate 4.4% (1988 est.); accounts for
almost 33% of GDP
</p>
<p>Electricity: 190,000 kW capacity; 135 million kWh produced, 70 kWh
per capita (1991)
</p>
<p>Industries: fish processing, mining of iron ore and gypsum
</p>
<p>Agriculture: accounts for 50% of GDP (including fishing); largely
subsistence farming and nomadic cattle and sheep herding except in
Senegal river valley; crops - dates, millet, sorghum, root crops;
fish products number-one export; large food deficit in years of
drought
</p>
<p>Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $168
million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
commitments (1970-89), $1.3 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89),
$490 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $277 million; Arab
Development Bank (1991), $20 million
</p>
<p>Currency: 1 ouguiya (UM)=5 khoums
</p>
<p>Exchange rates: ouguiya (UM) per US$1 - 116.990 (February 1993),
87.082 (1992), 81.946 (1991), 80.609 (1990), 83.051 (1989), 75.261
(1988)
</p>
<p>Fiscal year: calendar year
</p></body></article></text>